Introduction: LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme that appears extracellularly during cell necrosis and tissue damage. Increased LDH levels in saliva have been associated with oral diseases, including oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Normally, LDH convert...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2322
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows considerable biological heterogeneity in clinical behaviour and prognosis. Conventional histopathological grading remains important but may not fully reflect tumour aggressiveness or the systemic immune-inflammatory status o...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2312
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare benign mixed odontogenic tumor composed of both epithelial and mesenchymal components, along with enamel and dentin formation. It commonly affects children and adolescents, often presenting as a slow-growing asymptomatic lesion associat...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2025/v8i2242