Binu Upendran

Metformin Toxicity in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report of Severe Lactic Acidosis

Aalia P.S, Farisa T.A, Lakshmi R, Binu Upendran & Punnose Thomas · International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Case Reports · 2025

Metformin is one of the most commonly prescribed oral antihyperglycemic medicine worldwide. Professional diabetes organizations recommend it as the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Metformin is widely regarded as safe. The most common side effects include...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/ijmpcr/2025/v18i1413

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in CKD: Comparative Case Series of Medical Management and Parathyroidectomy

Bayana H, Aleesha Prakash, Khadheeja M, Lakshmi R & Binu Upendran · International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Case Reports · 2025

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), disturbances in phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D balance often lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), which can progress to tertiary hyperparathyroidism if left untreated. We present three cases illustrating different management approaches...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/ijmpcr/2025/v18i4454