Systematic Review on Multiple Myeloma: Its Current Prevalence, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnostic Criteria, Staging Challenges, Management Strategies, Complications, and Prognostic Outcomes
Jacques Forwah Ndeh, Edung Emen Samuel, Ofonime Benjamin Essien, Bassey Okon Bassey, Moday Agaei Onovoh, Oke Opeoluwa Oluwaseun, Rukayat Olawumi Olabiyi, Diderot Tiemen Charles, Joy Samuel-Nwadike, Ewa Anthony Obi, Idiege Idiege Omang, Adebayo Adeoye, Chinedum Sam Iheukwumere, Ayobami Olukayode Alalade, Olasunbo Oluwaseun Oyedepo, Gbeminiyi Ebenezer Adekanmbi, Eguakun Eseosa Collins, Adenowo Adegbenga Adeseye, Aleka Joy Omari, Olaleke Ajayi, Isu-Egwu Stella Nnenna, Funsho Jacob Akande, Ilevbare Martina Olohirere, Zahra Aliyu, Akaba Kingsley Onoridea, Nnaji Chimuanya Joseph, Immaculate Ihuoma Ekeagba, Ushie Godwin Abua & Abeshi Sylvester Etenikang · Journal of Cancer and Tumor International · 2026
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex and multifaceted hematological malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This process may lead to bone destruction, anemia, hypercalcemia, renal impairment, variable relapsing and refractory...