M. B. Karna

Association of Alkaline Phosphatase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, and IL-1β Expression with Metastatic Bone Disease in Breast Cancer Patients: A Case-Control Study

M. B. Karna, I. G. E. Wiratnaya, A. W. Kristian & I. W. J. Sumadi · Asian Journal of Orthopaedic Research · 2026

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide and frequently metastasises to bone, leading to significant morbidity and reduced survival among affected patients. Early identification of reliable biomarkers for metastatic bone disease remains critic...