Integrating Social–Ecological Systems and SEM-PLS Analysis in Formulating Sustainable Marine Ecotourism Development Strategies: Evidence from Lihaga Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Christover Alfarani Bawole, Syafrudin Raharjo, Selvi Tebaiy, Umi Yuminarti, Yuanike Kaber, Mudjirahayu Mudjirahayu, Elieser V. I. Y. Sirami, Roni Bawole & Abraham Wiliam Manumpil · Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology · 2026
Marine ecotourism has emerged as a tourism development approach that seeks to balance marine ecosystem conservation, local community well-being, and long-term economic sustainability. The Social–Ecological Systems (SES) framework developed by Ostrom and McGinnis provides an analy...
Open access
Research Article
10.9734/ajee/2026/v25i4927