Osman Elsadig

The Gut–lung Axis in Severe Viral and Bacterial Pneumonia: Microbiota Dysbiosis, Host Defense, and Translational Priorities

Mohamed Kamal Mohamed Hamza, Khalid Enan & Osman Elsadig · Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases · 2026

Severe viral and bacterial pneumonia is frequently complicated by acute lung injury, secondary bacterial infection, and systemic organ dysfunction. The gut–lung axis has emerged as a biologically plausible framework linking intestinal microbial ecology, microbial metabolites, bar...