Educational workers in multiple ways, including through physical violence, while also employing verbal and emotional mistreatment practices, and failing to provide sufficient care. Children's human rights suffer from physical punishment while their learning abilities decline beca...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i92395
Improving proficiency in Portuguese is critical for elementary students’ learning in the multilingual context of Timor-Leste. This quantitative study aims to understand how multilingualism affects Portuguese language proficiency among Grade 5 and Grade 6 students. The sample of t...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i102573
Educational leadership in a post-independence country must be adaptive and collaborative to address institutional and socio-cultural challenges. Although women principals have become increasingly visible in school leadership in Timor-Leste, limited research has explored how their...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajess/2026/v52i73213
A communication teaching method in the Portuguese language class is vital for improving students' oral performance in Timor-Leste schools. This research aimed to understand the relationship between communicative methods and students' oral performance in Portuguese through interac...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i122730