Splenic cysts are a rare condition, with an incidence of only 0.07%, and there have been approximately 800 reported cases in the English literature to date. These cysts can be classified as primary or secondary, depending on whether they have an epithelial lining. They can also b...
Intussusception occurs when a proximal segment of the gastrointestinal tract telescopes into the lumen of an adjacent distal segment. It is rare in adults, particularly when it involves the colon—referred to as colocolic intussusception. In adults, it is often associated with a p...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i2307
The severity of injuries is influenced by the weight and speed of the bullock cart wheels, which can cause serious trauma to both solid and hollow abdominal organs. We report two cases involving boys aged 8 years, who sustained blunt abdominal trauma after falling from and being...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i2291
Cystosarcoma phyllodes, also known as phyllodes tumor, is a rare breast neoplasm that can occur in men, though it is more commonly seen in women. The majority of phyllodes tumors are benign, but some can be borderline or frankly malignant. These tumors are biphasic fibroepithelia...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1278
Choledochal cysts are congenital or acquired anomalies affecting the biliary system, characterized by dilation of the bile ducts. While the common bile duct (choledochus) is typically involved, both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts may also be affected. The clinical prese...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1277
A rare disorder called situs inversus partialis (SIP) is characterized by the transposition of organs in the abdomen or thoracic cavity from one side of the body to the other (the mirror image of normal). Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, rare genetic mutations, and X-link...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1270
Left-sided appendicitis is a rare condition caused by congenital abnormalities such as situs inversus totalis (SIT) or midgut malrotation (MM). In some cases, an unusually long appendix on the right side may extend into the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, leading to an atypic...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1267
Laparoscopy has revolutionized the management of Meckel’s diverticulum (M.D.), offering new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as Meckel’s scan, radiographic contrast studies, ultrasonography, and CT scans, often have limitations in ac...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1257
Primary omental torsion is an uncommon condition characterized by the twisting of a segment of the omentum along its long axis to the extent that its vascular supply is compromised, resulting in omental gangrene. This condition arises when a mobile, thick segment of the omentum r...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2025/v8i1256
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These tumors originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which regulate GI motility. GISTs account for approximately 1% of all gastrointestinal...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2024/v7i2254
Splenic cysts are rare and can be classified as true cysts or pseudocysts. True cysts are further categorized into primary parasitic and non-parasitic types. Among primary congenital cysts, epithelial, epidermoid, and dermoid cysts are noted. These cysts are often asymptomatic an...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2024/v7i2249
Penile strangulation is an unusual clinical condition that was first reported in 1755 by Gauthier. It is a type of a compartment syndrome, which requires urgent treatment to maintain vascularity of the corporal bodies. Metallic or non-metallic objects are the most common cause of...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrs/2024/v7i2242
Gossypiboma is caused by accidental retention of surgical sponges or swab in the body after the surgery. The abdominal cavity is the most common site of retained surgical sponges, which is usually rarely reported because of the fear of medico legal problems. Factors contributing...
Most foreign bodies in the lower genitourinary tract are self-inserted through the urethra, often due to psychosexual issues, sexual curiosity, or autoerotic behaviour. A variety of foreign objects have been reported, including screws, pens, nuts, electrical or telephone wires, p...
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Research Article10.9734/ajrru/2024/v7i1121
Desmoid tumors, also known as aggressive fibromatosis, are benign neoplasms originating from mesenchymal cells or fibroblasts. Despite their benign nature, these tumors are locally aggressive and do not metastasize distantly. They account for less than 3% of all soft tissue tumor...
Mucocele of the appendix is an obstructive dilatation of the appendix caused by the accumulation of mucinous material within the lumen. This rare condition occurs in 0.2-0.7% of all appendectomy specimens and is most commonly seen in individuals aged 50-60 years. Surgical interve...
Desmoid tumors of the colon are exceptionally rare and represent an aggressive form of intra-abdominal desmoid tumors. The sigmoid colon mesentery, while generally associated with lower morbidity, can be affected by these tumors. The etiology of mesenteric desmoid tumors includes...
Desmoid tumors are benign, tumors arising from connective tissue within musculoaponeurotic structures. Classically these tumors do not metastatic but locally invasive and high rate of recurrence. Desmoid tumors, also known as aggressive fibromatosis, deep fibromatosis or musculoa...
Gastric leiomyosarcoma accounts for 1% of all gastric tumors. This type of tumor typically arises from the muscularis propria and is most often found in the body, fundus, cardia, and pyloric antrum of the stomach. Gastric leiomyosarcoma commonly presents as a polypoidal mass, exo...
Pheochromocytoma is a hormone secreting benign neuroendocrine tumor of adrenal medulla containing chromaffin cells. These cells are located in the medulla of an adrenal gland, they release certain hormones, mainly epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine(non-adrenaline). When a...
Pancreatic serous cystadenoma is an infrequent, non-cancerous tumor occurring in the pancreas, typically found in isolation within the body or tail of the organ and potentially linked to Van-Hippel-Lindau syndrome. The size of these cystadenomas can range from 1 cm to 20 cm, disp...
Perineal ectopic testis is an uncommon congenital anomaly observed in less than 1% of undescended testis cases. Typically, it arises from either an overdeveloped lengthening of a segment of the gubernaculum or an obstruction at the entrance to the scrotum. Diagnosis is usually st...
Polyorchidism is an exceedingly rare congenital urogenital anomaly characterized by the presence of more than two testicles. Triorchidism, a subtype of polyorchidism, is also an exceptionally uncommon congenital anomaly of the genitourinary tract, where three testicles are presen...
Cross testicular ectopia is an exceptionally rare congenital urogenital anomaly where both gonads migrate towards the same hemiscrotum. This condition is typically accompanied by other abnormalities like persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, inguinal hernia, true hermaphroditism, h...
Pseudomyxoma peritonei is an exceptionally rare clinical syndrome, with an estimated annual incidence of 1-2 cases per million. This condition is characterized by the extensive accumulation of gelatinous ascites within the peritoneal cavity, and while it typically originates from...
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Research Article10.9734/arjgo/2024/v7i1206
Lymphangioma of the epididymis is a rare condition that originates from the sequestration of lymphatic tissue, leading to a lack of normal communication with the lymphatic system. It consists of unilocular or multilocular lymphatic cysts lined by a single layer of endothelium. Th...
Squamous cell carcinomas developing along the waistline as a result of prolonged wearing of cotton garments such as dhoti in males and sarees in females are predominantly observed in the traditional Indian population. This specific type of waistline squamous cell cancer in Indian...
Annular pancreas is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of a ring of pancreatic tissue that partially or completely encircles the second part of the duodenum. This condition results from the failure of the vertical pancreatic bud to rotate properly, leading to its...
Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a hereditary condition characterized by the presence of benign hamatomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract that typically develop before the age of 20. These polyps can range in number from 5 to 200 and often lead to symptoms such as gastroint...
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly that occurs due to abnormal rotation and fixation of the intestine when it returns to the abdominal cavity during fatal development. There have been only 92 documented cases of this condition in medical literature. The incidence of m...
Meckel diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Any hernia sacs containing Meckel’s diverticulum is called Littre’s hernia. This term was coined after the pioneering work of Alexis Littre, a French surgeon, who, in the 1700s, documented th...
Abdominal Cocoon is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction characterized by the complete or partial encapsulation of the small bowel due to the formation of a fibro-collagenous membrane. This condition is predominantly observed in young adolescent girls. It is also known by...
Internal hernias can be either congenital or acquired. Meyers described several main types of internal hernias, including paraduodenal, pericecal, foramen of Winslow, transomental, transmesenteric, transmesocolic, intersigmoid, and retroanastomotic hernias. While the overall inci...
Internal abdominal hernias are a rare condition, making up only 0.9% of all cases of intestinal obstruction. Among these, Paraduodenal hernias are exceptionally rare, comprising approximately 53% of all internal hernias. They are more frequently found in the left Paraduodenal fos...
A Pericecal hernia is a relatively uncommon form of internal hernia, accounting for only 6-13% of all cases of abdominal internal hernias. It presents with clinical symptoms that closely resemble appendicitis, often causing severe lower abdominal pain and potential complications....
Primary Ovarian hydatid disease is rare entity, produced by larval stage of echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid disease commonly involves Liver, Lung, abdominal cavity, spleen and infrequently in pelvic organs, ovary and uterus. Primary hydatid cyst of the ovary is an extremely rare...
The objective of this study is to establish the diagnosis of hydatid disease and outline its surgical treatment approach. The origin of hydatid disease can often be attributed to the echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. While pulmonary hydatids have been linked to Echinococcus multi...
Transomental internal hernias are an exceptionally uncommon form of internal hernias. However, they can occur even in patients without prior surgical procedures due to age-related omental atrophy. Transomental hernias, whether through the greater or lesser omentum, are infrequent...
A congenital transmesenteric hernia is a rare condition characterized by the presence of a congenital defect in the mesentery, allowing bowel loops to herniate through the mesenteric defect. This herniation can lead to bowel strangulation and small bowel obstruction. While more f...
A fairly uncommon condition is primary mesenteric hydatid cyst. Echinococcus granulosus, the most frequent cause of hydatid illness in which humans are unintentionally an intermediate host. The condition affects the liver 75% of the time, the lung 15% of the time, and extrahepati...
Splenic Lymphangiomas are incredibly uncommon lesions that mostly affect children. These are divided into benign and malignant tumors, as well as real splenic cysts. A rare and slowly developing benign tumor of the spleen is called a splenic lymphangioma. So far fewer than 100 ca...
Primary malignancies of the spleen are very rare, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the spleen is a rare primary neoplasm. Primary splenic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that constitute, less than 1% of non -Hodgkin’s lymphoma and less than 2...
Hydatid cyst of the breast is a very rare only few cases of breast hydatid cyst are published and majority of the reported cases have been diagnosed post operatively. Hydatid disease is parasitic infection caused by echinococcus granulosus. The definitive host is dog, intermediat...
Hydatid cyst is caused by the dog tapeworm echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid cysts are most frequently found in the liver (75%) and lungs (15%) and 10% occur in any part of the human body. Primary muscular hydatidosis is very rare and occurs in 1-4% in of all hydatidosis. The loca...
Hydatid cysts are caused by a tapeworm echinococcus granulosus. It is endemic disease in cattle-rearing areas of south America, Africa, Middle east, South Europe, India, Australia and New Zealand. The life cycle of echinococcus includes a definitive host dog and intermediate host...
Splenic cysts are rare. They may be congenital, neoplastic, vascular, inflammatory and post traumatic in origin and may contribute to 30-40% of the total splenic lesion. Epidermoid cysts are primary congenital cysts that contains an epithelial lining. Epidermoid cyst are congenit...
Omental cysts are any cyst that is confined to greater or lesser omentum, the most common site benign the greater omentum. The incidence of omental cyst is 1 in 20000 among children’s. So far, only 150 cases have been reported in the literature. Omental cysts are benign intra-abd...
Enteric duplication cysts are congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. As the name duplication cyst suggests, which mimics the native gastrointestinal tract, having all the three layers of the gastrointestinal tract. Enteric duplication cyst most frequently occurs...
Mesenteric cystic Lymphangioma are rare intra-abdominal benign tumours of the lymphatic vessels with an incidence of 1:250,000 hospital admission. Representing 5-6% of pediatric benign tumours with a male predominance. It is commonly found in children’s appearing at 60% birth and...
Mesenteric dermoid cysts or teratoma are germ cell tumors composed of three germinal layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. These tumors occur usually in children and 80-90% are benign and less than 3% tumors change in to malignancy. They are more common occur in the region of...
Mesenteric Pseudocyst is a cystic mass in the abdomen. The aetiology is either due to trauma or infection. True mesenteric cysts are lined by epithelium while pseudocysts are not. Mesenteric pseudocysts are very rare. Only 29 case reports were retrieved via the Medline/PubMed sea...
A Chylolymphatic cyst, as the name suggests, is a cyst the that contains both chyle and lymph, usually presents within the mesentery lined with a thin endothelium or mesothelium. The incidence is between 1:100,000 to 1:250,000 in hospital admissions. Chylolymphatic cysts are rare...
Mucinous cystadenoma is a rare cystic benign neoplasm of the appendix characterized by associated with marked distension of the appendix lumen with mucin, it may be inflammatory, obstruction or tumoral origin. There are four histopathological subtypes occur as mucocele, mucosal h...
A strangulation of the intestine caused by appendicitis is extremely rare with few cases reported in the literature. Strangulation can be due to the appendix wrapping or appendiceal tourniquet around the base of a bowel loop, or when inflamed appendix tip adheres across the loop...
Meckel’s Diverticulum size more than 5 cm are classified as Giant Meckel’s Diverticulum. They are relatively rare and may be more prone complications especially for obstruction. 90% of Meckel’s Diverticulum ranges in size from 1-10 cm. It is estimated that’s as 4-9% cases manifes...
Patent omphalomesenteric duct or vitellointestinal duct is remnant of the duct, connecting the yolk sac to the gut in the developing embryo and provides nutrition until the placenta is established in infant. It is a rare congenital malformation of the gut, with an incidence of ab...
Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital gastrointestinal anomaly. Intestinal obstruction is the common presenting symptom in the adult population, due to complications like intussusception, Incarceration, adhesion and torsion around a fibrous band attached to the umbi...
Meckel’s Diverticulum is the most common anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, found in almost 2% of the population, it rarely gives rise to symptoms and its discover usually incidental. Meckel’s Diverticulum size more than 5 cm are classified as Giant Meckel’s Diverticulum, are...
A Meckel’s Diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Meckel’s Diverticulum is usually located at the antimesenteric border of the small intestine and it is one of the cardinal finding of Meckel’s Diverticulum. The Mesenteric location is an...
The Mesodiverticular band is an embryologic remnant of the vitelline artery which provides the arterial supply to the Meckel’s Diverticulum. In the event of an error of involution a patent or non-patent arterial band persist and extend from the mesentery to the apex of the Meckel...
A Meckel’s Diverticulum length more than 5 cm are classified as giant Meckel’s Diverticulum. Giant Meckel’s Diverticulum are relatively rare and may be more prone to complications, especially for small bowel obstruction. Axial torsion followed by gangrene of Meckel’s Diverticulum...
Inverted Meckel’s Diverticulum causing intussusception is an extremely rare condition, in which the diverticulum inverts on itself. Very few cases of inverted Meckel’s diverticulum have been reported in the literature till date. Inverted Meckel’s diverticulum is a novel entity wi...
Litter’s hernia is an extremely unusual clinical condition, defined by the presence of Meckel’s diverticulum within a hernial sac. It is a true diverticulum containing all three layers of the gut. Herein, we are reporting rare and interesting a case of litter’s hernia in a 3 yrs...