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William Makupa

Publications (14)

Evaluation of Risk Factors of Endophthalmitis Requiring Evisceration/Enucleation among Patients with Endophthalmitis at KCMC from 2020–2024

Chedu Kangwa, William Makupa, Elisante Muna & Kevin Rwegoshola · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2025

Aim: To evaluate the risk factors associated with endophthalmitis requiring evisceration/enucleation among patients managed at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Northern Tanzania. Study Design: Hospital-based retrospective analytic study. Place and Duration of Study:...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2025/v20i6486

Visual Outcomes between Intravitreal Bevacizumab Versus Intravitreal Bevacizumab Plus Focal Laser among Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre 2021-2024

Eliaichi Minja, William Makupa, Kelvin Rwegoshola & Andrew Makupa · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2025

Aim: To determine visual outcome in diabetic macular edema patients treated with bevacizumab alone versus bevacizumab plus focal laser. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study Place and Duration of Study: A 1 year follow-up, conducted at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre fr...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2025/v20i6482

Dyslipidemia as the Predictive Factor for the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at KCMC Hospital: A One-year Study

Muhidini Huud Swalehe, William Makupa & Andrew Makupa · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2025

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health concern, leading to complications like diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness. Dyslipidemia, marked by abnormal lipid levels, is considered a risk factor for DR due to its role in endothelial dysfunction and i...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2025/v20i6481

Validation of the Non-Mydriatic and Mydriatic Remidio (FOP) Camera with Artificial Intelligence in Screening Diabetic Retinopathy at Northern-Tanzania (2023-2024)

Ally Magero, William Makupa & Maria Kissanga · Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2025

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the validity of non-mydriatic fundoscopy using a Remidio FOP Camera with Artificial intelligence to screen for Diabetic Retinopathy in Northern Tanzania, 2023-2024. Study Design: This study employed a community-based cross-sectional design. Plac...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/jamps/2025/v27i9814

Surgical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Traumatic Retinal Detachment at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania

Jesca Mkahumbya Theodory, William Makupa, Kevin Rwegoshola, Andrew Cyrus Makupa & Furahini Godfrey Mndeme · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2025

Aim: To assess surgical outcomes and prognostic factors for traumatic retinal detachment following globe injuries among patients treated at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania from December 2012 to November 2022. Study Design: A hospital based retrospective cohort study. Pla...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2025/v20i5474

Comparison of Visual Outcomes between Panretinal Photocoagulation and Panretinal Photocoagulation Plus Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Treated at Northen Zonal Hospital

Filemon Darabe & William Makupa · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2020

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the rigorous microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus is the significant cause of visual impairment and consequently blindness affecting about 36% of the diabetic population. Diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabe...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2020/v13i230164

Determinants of Visual Outcomes in Open Globe Injuries: A 5-year Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania

Daniel Mashaga, Maria Kissanga, William Makupa, Furahini Mndeme, Kevin Rwegoshola & Einoti Matayan · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to assess factors affecting visual outcomes among Open Globe Injury (OGI) patients attending the KCMC eye department from 2015 to 2020. Methodology: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for Open Globe Injury (OGI) patients aged thre...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2025/v20i4463

Factors Associated and Management of Functional Failure after External Dacryocystorhinostomy at Zonal Tertiary Hospital

Daniel Mashamba, Edwin Musheiguza & William Makupa · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2020

Aims: To determine factors associated and management of functional failure after Dacryocystorhinostomy among patients attending the eye department at KCMC hospital Moshi Kilimanjaro, from January 2007 to July 2018. Study Design: A retrospective cross-section hospital-based study....

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2020/v13i230165

Outcomes of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania

Shariza Kanji, Kazim Dhalla & William Makupa · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2020

Background: Diabetic macular edema is a type of diabetic maculopathy affecting the central vision, ranging from mild blur to blindness. Laser photocoagulation has been the mainstay of treatment for the past three decades but it has a limited role in improving the central vision....

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2020/v12i430153

Anatomical and Functional Outcomes of Tractional Retinal Detachment Surgery at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania (2024–2025)

Juraj R. Msuya, Sarah Kweka, Joshua S. Mollel & William Makupa · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2025

Aims: Assessment of clinical characteristics, efficacy of treatment, and pre-operative factors associated with the anatomical and functional outcome of patients who underwent tractional retinal detachment surgery at KCMC Study Design:  A hospital-based prospective cohort study. P...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2025/v20i6488

Distribution of Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Its Effect on Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Among Adult’s Patients at KCMC Referral Hospital 2024-2025

Elia Ethan, Einoti Matayan, Baraka Moshi & William Makupa · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2025

Aims: To evaluate the distribution of ocular perfusion pressure and its effect on primary open-angle glaucoma among adult patients at KCMC eye department. Study Design: Case-control and cross-sectional designs. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at a KCMC zonal...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2025/v20i6484

Efficacy of Limited Cyclophotocoagulation in the Treatment of Refractory Glaucoma Among Adults Patients Treated at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania

Vulfrida A. Kyara, Kevin Rwegoshola, Andrew Makupa & William Makupa · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2025

Background: Refractory glaucoma possess a therapeutic challenge due to poor response to standard medical and surgical treatments. Cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) is an alternative       method for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in such cases, however its use is often limited to...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2025/v20i4468

Stage at Initial Presentation, Management and Factors Associated with Progression among Primary Open-angle Glaucoma Patients Treated at a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania

Diana Anatory, Godfrey Furahini Mndeme, Andrew Makupa, William Makupa, Kevin Rwegoshola & Einoti Matayan · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2025

Objective: To assess the stage of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) at diagnosis, determine the proportion of patients experiencing disease progression, and identify factors influencing progression. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, 201 newly diagnosed POAG patients aged 18...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2025/v20i3457

Surgical Outcomes and Complications Following Silicone Oil Removal in Retinal Detachment Surgery at KCMC Eye Department, Northern Tanzania (2020-2023)

Urvashi Solanki, Maria Kissanga, Hiten Solanki, Joshua Mollel, Raheel Kanji & William Makupa · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2026

Background and Aims: Retinal detachment (RD) is the separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium, causing subretinal fluid buildup. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil tamponade is commonly used to treat retinal detachment. The aim of the st...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2026/v21i2505