Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the standard treatment for renal stones ≥ 2 cm. However, the size of the percutaneous tract is associated with non-negligible morbidity, particularly bleeding complications. The miniaturization of instruments has led to the dev...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrru/2026/v9i1159
Background: Somatic malignant transformation (SMT) in testicular teratomas is a rare phenomenon and is associated with relative resistance to chemotherapy, making therapeutic management particularly challenging. Case Report: A 69-year-old man presented with a large left testicula...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrru/2026/v9i1158
Objectives: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy is the standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although generally well tolerated, severe complications may occur, while involvement of the upper urinary tract r...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrru/2026/v9i1155