Role of Glomalin in Improving Soil Fertility: A Review

Abstract

Mycorrhizal fungi are found naturally in undisturbed soils around the world. They form symbiotic relationships with almost all plants ranging from ornamentals, fruits, vegetables, trees and shrubs. Most of the plants have a strong dependency on mycorrhizal fungi for optimal growth. The mycorrhizal symbiosis is a key stone to the productivity and diversity of natural plant ecosystems. The symbiotic relationships are found between fungi and plants and the most prevalent plant symbiosis known and as a result VAM symbiosis is found in more than 80% of vascular plant families. Glomalin-related soil protein component is produced by Arbuscular mycorrhiza, and as stable glue the hyphae has an important role in soil aggregate stabilization. The glomalin produced from some crop rotation cropping system could promote aggregate stability. Glomalin binds to soil, producing a uniform aggregated structure composed of minerals and humus. Increasing organic matter increases cation exchange capacity of soils. Primarily, these aggregates permit the soil to retain water better and facilitate root penetration. In addition, the aggregates reduce soil erosion and compaction while facilitating root hair adhesion, enhancing nutrient and water uptake.