The Haematotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Effects of Diazepam Administration in Male Albino Rats

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the haematological and nephrotoxic effects of diazepam at varying doses in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were administered therapeutic (0.062 mg/kg/day), high (0.33 mg/kg/day), and extremely high (0.661 mg/kg/day) doses of diazepam orally for 14 and 28 days. Blood and kidney samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analysis. Results: Diazepam administration significantly reduced red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and platelet count (PLT), while other haematological indices were not notably affected. Plasma creatinine and urea levels increased, and total protein decreased across all doses. The treatment also elevated renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, while reducing antioxidant enzyme activity superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Conclusions: Diazepam poses significant risks of oxidative stress, haematotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. While effective in managing anxiety, caution is necessary due to its potentially harmful effects on blood and renal function.