Gender-based Experiences of People Living with HIV in Owerri North Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Nigeria continues to carry a substantial HIV burden, yet gender-related differences in the lived experiences of people living with HIV remain insufficiently examined at local levels. This study assessed gender-based experiences among adults living with HIV in Owerri North Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria, with emphasis on stigma and discrimination, access to care, antiretroviral therapy adherence, social support, sexual intimacy, coping strategies and quality of life. A facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 adults living with HIV, comprising 200 males and 200 females receiving antiretroviral therapy in selected healthcare facilities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and independent-samples t-tests. Stigma and discrimination were widely reported, with higher aggregate stigma/discrimination scores among females than males. Self-reported always-adherence to treatment was higher among males (84.5%) than females (77.0%). Treatment costs, transportation challenges, forgetfulness, privacy concerns and adverse drug effects were reported as important barriers to care and adherence. Males reported higher social support, better sexual satisfaction and higher quality-of-life scores, while females reported more depressive symptoms and greater social limitations. The findings indicate that gender is an important factor shaping HIV-related experiences in the study setting. Gender-responsive HIV programmes are needed to reduce stigma, strengthen psychosocial support and improve care experiences for both men and women.