Physical and Chemical Characterization of Groundwater in the Alluvial Aquifer of Dallol Bosso in the Filingue Department, Tillaberi Region: A Case Study of Certain Villages in the Rural Communities of Tondikandia and Imanan

Abstract

The alluvial aquifer of the dallol bosso constitutes an essential resource for the supply of drinking water to the rural populations of the Tillabéri region. This study chooses to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of groundwater in the villages of the communes of Tondikandia and Imanan. The analyses of the physicochemical parameters (electrical conductivity (EC), hydrogen potential (pH), Temperature (T), Turbidity (Turb), Hydrometry Title (TH), Complete Alkalimetry Title (TAC), HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NO3- , Na+, K+, F-, NO2- Cl- and Fet) were carried out. The results of the analyses of certain physicochemical parameters obtained were compared with the WHO 2017 guideline value for water for human consumption and they show the water quality to be generally acceptable, but with cases of localized contamination, particularly fluoride and nitrate, due to geological and anthropological factors. These elements slightly exceed the international standard, which requires special attention to these waters. A slight excess is not necessarily dangerous in the short term, but it is necessary to monitor to avoid a chronic accumulation of fluoride and nitrate elements. Indeed, these analyses of physicochemical parameters of water could be acceptable for human consumption. Regular monitoring, resource protection and awareness-raising actions are essential to guarantee healthy clean water for communities.