Effects and Prevention of Digital Eye Strain Syndrome (DESS) among Computer Science Students at Kaduna Polytechnic, Tudun–Wada Campus, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

Digital Eye Strain Syndrome (DESS), emerged a global health issue linked to prolonged screen exposure. Students in computer-based disciplines are particularly at risk, with implications for academic performance and well-being. The cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the effects and prevention of digital eye strain syndrome (Dess) among computer science students of Kaduna polytechnic Tudun-Wada campus, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Objectives and research questions were developed to guide the study; a non-experimental purposive sampling method was used to draw 108 out of the 295 bonafide computer students of the department. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire with open and closed-ended items. Result showed that; Majority of respondents were male 72.2% and aged 18–27 years 98.1%. Headaches, visual fatigue, dry eyes, and blurred vision were the most reported symptoms. While 59.3% experienced symptoms sometimes, 11.1% reported severe academic impact. Smartphones were the primary device 44.4%. Poor ergonomic practices were common, with 63.0% rarely and 18.5% never taking breaks, and 68.5% reporting poor posture. Awareness of preventive measures was moderate 68.5%, but adherence was limited: only 3.7% practiced the 20-20-20 rule, while brightness adjustment/blue-light filters 37.0%) and occasional breaks 20.4% were more common. Respondents identified affordable eye care 48.1%, ergonomic facilities 24.1%, and sensitization workshops 13.0% as key needs. DESS is prevalent among Computer Science students at Kaduna Polytechnic, with headaches and fatigue as leading symptoms. Students should be encouraged to adopt evidence-based preventive measures such as the 20-20-20 rule, regular breaks, and proper posture. Frequent short breaks have been shown to reduce symptoms of eye strain. Development of institutional guidelines on safe screen use, including screen time recommendations, ergonomic standards, and preventive practices, would help regulate digital exposure and reduce risks.