Assessing Anemia Status and Intervention Challenges among Adolescents: A Study under the Anemia Mukt Bharat Abhiyan

Abstract

Anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide, with adolescents representing a highly vulnerable group due to rapid growth, increased micronutrient requirements, and lifestyle-related dietary transitions. Despite sustained efforts under global and national health programs, anemia continues to be a pressing public health challenge in India. The Anemia Mukt Bharat Abhiyan (AMBA), launched in 2018 as part of the Intensified National Iron Plus Initiative, has set ambitious goals of reducing anemia prevalence by 3% annually across multiple target groups. This study aims to assess anemia prevalence and intervention challenges among adolescents (10–19 years) under AMBA. Using a cross-sectional methodology in semi-urban and school-based settings, data were collected from 300 adolescents (150 males and 150 females). Hemoglobin levels, dietary habits, and awareness of AMBA interventions were analyzed. Results showed an overall anemia prevalence of 56%, with a significantly higher prevalence among girls (68%) compared to boys (44%). Awareness levels about AMBA were low (41%), with only 25% reporting consistent intake of iron–folic acid (IFA) supplementation. Barriers identified included irregular IFA supply, stigma around consumption, side effects, peer influence, inadequate parental engagement, and socio-economic constraints. The findings underscore that while AMBA provides a robust policy framework through its 6x6x6 strategy, implementation bottlenecks persist at the ground level. Schools and frontline workers remain underutilized, and adolescent-friendly communication strategies are insufficient. The study recommends strengthening supply chain logistics, introducing school-based peer educator models, fortification of staple foods, and integration of anemia prevention into broader adolescent health and reproductive health programs. By addressing both supply- and demand-side constraints, India can achieve its anemia reduction goals and improve the health, education, and productivity outcomes of its adolescent population.