Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Wound Infections in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Aim: The current study was aimed at determining the antibiotic resistance pattern and associated risk factors of P. aeruginosa isolated from wound among patients in kefii metropolis, Nigeria. Study Design: The investigation was a cross-sectional study which utilized random sampling of wounds from patients in three hospitals in Keffi. Place and Duration of Study: Keffi local government is situated in Nasarawa State located in the North Central region of Nigeria, it is about 125 km from Lafia the State capital and about 50 kilometers from Abuja the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. It has an area of 138km2and a population of about 92,664 at the 2006census. The study was conducted from June to October 2024. Methodology: A total of 253 wound samples were collected from three hospitals: 198 from Federal Medical Centre Keffi, 43 from Silvercord Hospital, and 12 from Amosun Hospital and analysed by standard bacteriological and biochemical methods. Results: The highest incidence of P. aeruginosa was found in the 21-40 age group (3.16%), while the lowest was in those over 60 years (0%). Females (2.76%) had a higher incidence than males (2.37%). The highest incidence was among self-employed individuals (1.98%). The isolates were highly resistant to ceftazidime and streptomycin (100%), but 30.76% were sensitive to ofloxacin and 15.38% to imipenem. Only 23.08% of isolates were ESBL producers. Conclusion: P. aeruginosa isolates from wounds showed high resistance to common antibiotics. This high resistant could have implications such as treatment failure, prolonged hospital stay and increased cost. Despite the low incidence of ESBL production, there is a need for increased surveillance and public health awareness regarding wound management and antibiotic usage.