Fourier-based Optimization of Electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) Fluid Flow for Advanced Material Processing over an Exponentially Stretching Surface

Abstract

Electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flow over stretching surfaces plays a crucial role in the sophisticated processing of materials since it is essential to maintain precise control over momentum, heat, and mass transport to ensure high product quality. This study examined how to optimize Fourier-based EMHD flow and heat transfer over a surface that stretches exponentially, taking into consideration factors such as thermal radiation and Joule heating. The equations that define the boundary layer, which include electromagnetic forces, nonlinear surface stretching, and energy dissipation, were tackled using a Fourier spectral collocation method known for its high accuracy and efficiency in computations.  A numerical analysis of the derived solutions was performed, highlighting how different material parameters impact the various fluid flow profiles, utilizing the Rosseland approximation for the radiation term. An increase in the Prandtl number leads to a reduction in the temperature profile, which verifies that controlling EMHD fluid flow on an exponentially stretching surface is advantageous for advanced material processing. It was found that the strength of the magnetic field, the radiation parameter, and the stretching rate significantly affect how velocities and temperatures are distributed within the boundary layer. Specifically, a stronger magnetic field reduces velocity while increasing the thickness of the thermal boundary layer, while radiation effects raise the temperature profiles throughout the flow domain. This research offers valuable insights into the parametric management of EMHD transport phenomena, showing how Fourier-based optimization can enhance heat transfer and flow management in industrial material processing systems.