Legume and Organic Fertilizer Effects on Soil Nutrient Availability, Uptake and Kale Yields in Kabete Sub-county Kenya

Abstract

Declining  soil  fertility  is  the  main  constraint  to  kale  (Brassica  oleracea  var.  acephala)  a common  vegetable,  production  in  parts  of  Kiambu  County  Kenya.  A  field  experiments  to evaluate the effect of legume integration  and application of organic fertilizers on soil N and P (and OC), uptake  and kale yield was set up in Kabete field station of the University of Nairobi, in the long and short rainy season of 2014. The experimental layout was a Randomized Complete Block Design with a split plot arrangement. The main plots were; (i) sole kale, (ii) kale intercropped with lupin and chickpea (lupin/kale and chickpea/kale) and (iii) Kale succeeding lupin and chickpea (lupin-kale and chickpea-kale). The spilt plots were the organic fertilizers inputs; Minjingu rock phosphate (MRP) and Farm yard manure (FYM), and the control. the nutrients  N, P and  organic carbon, kale N, P uptake and yield were analyzed at  intervals of 1, 2 and 3 months of kale development. The plant available N was higher in the lupin/kale intercrops + FYM in both seasons.  Plant available P was significantly (P≤0.05) higher in lupin/kale intercrop + MRP across the two seasons. There were no significant changes in soil organic carbon levels with legume integration and organic fertilizers application throughout the sampling period in both short rain seasons.  In  both  seasons,  significant  higher  N  concentration  was obtained  in  a  sole  kale  +  FYM  whereas  P  concentration  was  significantly  increased  in  a lupin/kale intercrop + MRP. Lupin/kale intercrop + FYM and lupin/kale intercrop +MRP showed a positive correlation (R2=0.99) between soil N and plant N, soil P and plant P respectively in both seasons.  Higher  kale  yields  were  obtained  in  lupin-kale  rotation  +  FYM  and  MRP; chickpea-kale rotation + FYM and MRP and kale monocrop + FYM. Integration of white lupin (intercrop/rotation) + FYM and MRP in a kale production system leads to a significant improvement on soil nutrient status, kale nutrient uptake and yield. Similarly where lupin was integrated positive correlations of soil and plant N and P were recorded and this means that the nutrient supplied was able to replenish the soil as much as plant took them up.