Conceptualizing Different Forest Degradation Drivers with Special Reference to India

Abstract

Forest deterioration has been a global issue in the 21st century as one of the most serious environmental issues. The costs of forests degradation is in reducing productivity and natural resources such as water, land, grassland etc. Deforestation affects the whole globe but it is of main concern of developing countries of the Tropics. Forest deterioration and deforestation are caused by a variety of factors that vary depending on the location. The main aim of the review is to analyse various forest degradation drivers and to establish keys to estimate the level of degradation. The various direct and indirect drivers of forest degradation are excessive mining, selective logging, population explosion, climatic-change, forest fires, biological invasion, agricultural land expansion and weak forest administration. One sort of sustainability in a managed forest is the system of several landowners, each with a modest multifunctional, multispecies plot. Other plan for sustainable development is eco-development programme, which is inter and multi-stakeholder method for connecting the conservation benefits of protected areas with community people's livelihoods and development practices in the environments around them. A shift toward whole-landscape management is required, with a focus on places with high levels of usage mixed with areas principally maintained for conservation, recreation, and water catchment. Some guidelines are being created, but more interactions between ecologists, foresters, social scientists, and economists are urgently needed.