Assessing Neonatal Health: The Role of Blood Gas Analysis in Predicting Neonatal Outcomes

Abstract

Introduction: Blood gas analysis is a commonly used diagnostic tool to evaluate the partial pressures of gases in blood and acid -base balance. ABG remains the gold standard. Neonatal mortality rate was 20 per 1,000 live births in 2020, Traditionally clinical indicators such as the Apgar score were used to assess neonatal well-being; however, these are subjective and influenced by many factors. Cord blood gas analysis offers an objective, quantifiable measure of perinatal hypoxia and acidosis Aim: This study reviews the significance and clinical applications of cord blood gas analysis Materials and Method: A prospective observational study between May 2022 and July 2023, at Dr. Mehta’s Multispecialty Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Chetpet Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The study included 150 consecutive deliveries Results & Discussion: Mean/SD pH was 7.25/0.83, Mean BE -5.80/2.82, Mean /SD PaO2 22.29 /6.43, mmHg, Mean/SD PaCO2 50.55/12.58 mmHg, Mean/SD Bicarb 22.47/2.45mmol/l, Arterial pH and BE are significant predictors of Neonatal morbidity with BE being more sensetive. Cord blood gas analysis helps identify whether complications during labor and delivery deprived the neonate of oxygen Though Apgar score remains useful for immediate newborn evaluation its subjective In contrast, cord blood gas analysis provides an objective assessment of neonatal status Conclusion: Arterial pH and BE are significant predictors of neonatal morbidity, Modern blood gas analyzers are indispensable in obstetric and neonatal practice, guiding immediate clinical decision-making and improving neonatal outcomes.