The Influence of Sanitation and Hygiene-related Practices on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthes in IDP Camps and Adjourning Host Communities in Benue State Nigeria

Abstract

Helminth infections remain a significant public health concern, particularly in displaced populations with limited access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Irrespective of the public health efforts by individuals, government and non-governmental bodies, poor sanitation and hygiene contributes significantly to the prevalence of helminth infection among IDPs and host communities. This study investigated the relationship between helminth infection prevalence and knowledge, practices, hygiene, and other epidemiological conditions among internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host communities in in Benue state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 participants from two IDP camps and two host communities. Data on awareness, knowledge of helminth transmission, hygiene practices, and environmental sanitation were collected using structured questionnaires. Stool samples were examined for helminth ova using standard parasitological techniques. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between variables this was carried out between September, 2024 to March 2025. Awareness of helminths showed a statistically significant association with infection status (p = 0.013), although depth of knowledge did not (p = 0.217). Prior testing and treatment history were not significantly associated with infection (p > 0.05). Conversely, poor sanitation (p = 0.001), lack of clean water (p = 0.029), and infrequent handwashing (p = 0.000) were significantly linked to higher infection prevalence. Infection rates were notably higher in settings with poor hygiene infrastructure, particularly in host communities and IDP camps with limited resources. While awareness contributes modestly to helminth prevention, WASH-related factors are the most critical determinants of infection. Control strategies must extend beyond deworming and education to include investments in clean water access, sanitation infrastructure, and hygiene promotion to reduce transmission risk in vulnerable populations.