Toxicity Induced Histological Changes in Selected Organs of Male (Wistar) Rats by Lawsonia inermis Leaf Extract

Abstract

Aim: To describe the adverse effects of the leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis plant (Henna), extensively used for medicinal benefits in traditional Arab/African culture, on the histology of liver, kidney and spleen of male rats. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Biology Department, College of Science and Arts at Onaiza, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, between Augus 2011 and November 2011. Methodology: Henna leaf solution was given to male rats at doses of 200 mg and 1000 mg/Kg/day for a period of six weeks/42 days. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the treatment period and their effects were studied specifically focusing on the histology of the liver, kidney and spleen; organs involved in detoxification, hematopoiesis and immune functions. Results & Conclusion: No pathological changes were evident at 200 mg dose for liver, kidney and spleen sections. However, significant pathological changes were observed in the liver and kidney at 1000 mg dose suggestive of degenerative or apoptotic changes. In view of these pathological relevant results, it is not advisable to use such high doses of Henna leaf extract in clinical formulations. Additional future pharmacokinetics studies are suggested.