The Interplay between Socio-Economic Factors and Obstetric Complications: A Retrospective Study in Bangladesh's Urban and Rural Settings

Abstract

Background: Maternal health remains a significant concern in many low to middle-income countries. The interplay between socio-economic determinants and obstetric complications is critical for understanding maternal health outcomes. This study aimed to elucidate this relationship within the urban and rural settings of Bangladesh. Methods: A retrospective study design was employed, with a sample size of 4,632 participants, evenly divided between urban and rural locales. The prevalence of obstetric complications, socio-economic determinants, their interrelationships, and the impact of existing health policies and interventions were assessed. Statistical analyses were conducted using chi-square tests. Results: The prevalence of obstetric complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and obstetric hemorrhage was slightly higher in rural areas compared to urban settings. Socio-economic determinants, notably low income and limited education, exhibited a pronounced influence on the occurrence of complications. Furthermore, health interventions, including the Maternal Health Awareness Program and Rural Health Camps, were found to have a tangible positive impact in mitigating risks. Conclusion: Socio-economic factors play a significant role in shaping maternal health outcomes in Bangladesh, with rural areas bearing slightly elevated risks. However, targeted health policies and interventions can considerably reduce these risks, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach in addressing maternal health challenges in the country.