Comparative Phytochemical Profiling and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ganoderma and Shiitake Mushrooms: A Microbiological Perspective

Abstract

This study provides a concise comparative analysis of Ganoderma and Shiitake mushrooms, emphasizing their phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial properties. Both species were found to contain significant bioactive compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides. Ganoderma exhibited higher concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which are linked to its superior antioxidant activity, while Shiitake contained a greater amount of polysaccharides, particularly beta-glucans, known for their immune-enhancing effects. Antimicrobial evaluation using methanolic and aqueous extracts against pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans revealed that Ganoderma had stronger antibacterial activity, especially against Gram-positive S. aureus. In contrast, Shiitake demonstrated more pronounced antifungal activity, notably against C. albicans. The antimicrobial actions are likely due to mechanisms such as microbial cell wall disruption, inhibition of protein synthesis, and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, the study underscores the significant therapeutic potential of these mushrooms and supports their application as natural alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial agents.