Value Chain Analysis of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) in Kumba, Meme Division, Southwest Region of Cameroon

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the value chain of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) in Kumba, Meme Division, Southwest Region of Cameroon. Bitter kola represents a highly valued non-timber forest product (NTFP) with significant medicinal, cultural, and economic importance in West and Central Africa. Despite its contribution to rural livelihoods, the sector remains characterized by informal operations and structural constraints that limit its potential. Using a mixed-methods approach incorporating both quantitative and qualitative techniques, this research identifies key actors, analyzes marketing channels, examines harvesting techniques, evaluates profit margins, and identifies systemic challenges through semi-structured questionnaires (n=100 actors), key informant interviews (n=7), and focus group discussions (n=5). Findings reveal a male-dominated value chain with significant price volatility (US$0.36 – US$23.18/kg) and modest annual incomes for most harvesters despite the high profitability for some traders (average US$981.15 annually). Major constraints include limited storage facilities, capital shortages, poor transportation infrastructure, and price fluctuations. The study concludes with recommendations for improving post-harvest management, enhancing cooperative organization, and facilitating market access to optimize the bitter kola value chain for improved livelihood outcomes and sustainable development. The findings hold important policy implications for sustainable NTFP management, rural development, and conservation planning in similar agroforestry contexts.