Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality in the Thamirabarani River Basin

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to assess the water quality of the Tamirabarani River by analyzing a comprehensive set of parameters to understand the extent of pollution from anthropogenic sources and to identify potential areas for conservation efforts. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional observational study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted along four stations of the Tamirabarani River, Tamil Nadu, India, between January 2022 and December 2022. Methodology: Water samples were collected from four different stations along the Tamirabarani River. The parameters analyzed included pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, chloride, calcium, magnesium, electrical conductivity, ammonia, nitrate, turbidity, alkalinity, fluoride, and iron, using standard analytical methods. These parameters were compared against permissible limits to evaluate the extent of water pollution. The sources of contamination, such as untreated sewage, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff, were also identified. Results: The analysis revealed significant deviations from permissible limits at Stations 1 and 2, indicating severe contamination. For example, the pH level was 8.11 at Station 1 and 7.89 at Station 2, both residing within the acceptable range of 6.5 to 8.5. Total dissolved solids (TDS) exceeded 500 mg/L at these stations, suggesting high levels of contamination from anthropogenic sources. In contrast, Station 4 showed acceptable levels across all parameters, indicating better water quality. These findings suggest significant spatial variability in water quality along the river, largely attributed to human activities. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical need for sustainable water management practices in the Tamirabarani River to mitigate pollution from anthropogenic sources. Remedial measures, such as treatment of effluents, public education, and source water protection, are essential to safeguard public health and maintain ecosystem integrity. Further research is needed to monitor water quality trends and evaluate the effectiveness of implemented conservation strategies.