Effects of Nurse Emigration on the Quality of Health Care Services: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Ghana

Abstract

Introduction: Brain drain among healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, has emerged as a critical issue impacting health delivery systems in developing regions. The migration of skilled individuals from underdeveloped and developing nations to developed or industrialized countries is not a recent phenomenon.   Aim: The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of brain drains among nurses on quality care delivery at Tamale Teaching Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 324 nurses at Tamale Teaching Hospital using a structured questionnaire adopted from a previous study. The study employed convenience sampling to select participants based on their accessibility and willingness. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 27. Results: The study found that low wages (97.8%), limited career opportunities (94.1%), and a poorly funded healthcare system (99.4%) were significant factors contributing to nurse emigration. The brain drain was linked to severe shortages of nurses (94.8%), increased workload (98.1%), and reduced quality of care (93.8%). Notable declines in quality included patient care and attention (37%) and efficiency of service delivery (34%). The impact was also observed in increased patient morbidity (38.6%) and mortality (34%). Recommendations to mitigate these issues included improving remuneration (74.1%), providing better incentives (80.2%), and enhancing professional development opportunities (84.9%). Conclusion: Addressing brain drain among nurses requires a multifaceted approach involving better pay, incentives, and professional support. The study highlights the urgent need for policy interventions to improve working conditions and retention strategies to enhance healthcare delivery at Tamale Teaching Hospital and similar institutions.