A Comparative Analysis of Efficient Cropping Zones for Sugarcane in Tamil Nadu, India Using Different Indices

Abstract

Sugarcane is a vital commercial crop in Tamil Nadu, playing a significant role in the state's agro-industrial landscape. This study evaluates and delineates Efficient Cropping Zones (ECZ) using the Relative Yield Index (RYI) and the Relative Spread Index (RSI), offering a detailed assessment of sugarcane productivity and spatial distribution across Tamil Nadu districts. The study encompasses the entire Tamil Nadu region, spanning from 7.875°S to 13.083°N in latitude and 76.5°E to 80.375°E in longitude. District-level statistics on sugarcane area, production, and productivity were sourced from the Season and Crop Report for the period 2011–2020. Findings show that five (5) districts - Cuddalore, Erode, Kallakurichi, Namakkal, and Vilupuram are classified as the Most Efficient Cropping Zones (MECZ) for sugarcane. These districts benefit from favourable agro-climatic conditions, high-yielding practices, fertile loamy soils, and advanced irrigation systems. Thirteen districts were identified as Yield Efficient Cropping Zones (YECZ), one district as an Area Efficient Cropping Zone (AECZ), and thirteen as Non-Efficient Cropping Zones (NECZ). These findings provide essential guidance for agricultural planners and stakeholders to target investments and resources, optimise sugarcane production, and ensure sustainable development of the sector. The identification of these zones allows for a more targeted approach to agricultural policy and resource allocation. By understanding which districts excel in yield and which have potential for area expansion, policymakers can tailor support systems more effectively. Using these findings in strategic planning is crucial for mitigating risks associated with climate change and ensuring the long-term economic viability of sugarcane cultivation. Policymakers, agribusiness stakeholders, and farmers can use such insights to boost productivity, profit, and sustainability in Tamil Nadu's sugarcane sector.