A Literature Review and Case Report of Concurrent Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Abstract

Coexistence of B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is rare condition(1). A 76-year-old female patient presented with pruritic and hyperemic rashes in her whole body, was diagnosed with MDS concurrent with B-CLL as a result of determined leucocytosis(White blood cell count: 52.200/mm3; 57% lymphocytosis, 33% monocytosis) in the complete blood count. She also had a history of receiving chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer in her past medical history. A biopsy was performed from her rashes and histopathological findings showed chronic lymphocytic vasculitis. Cases of lymphocytic cutaneous vasculitis associated with hematological malignancies have been reported. Coexistence of B-CLL and MDS is an independent entity from the management of CLL, but receiving chemotherapy for a carcinoma is a risk factor for developing MDS. So, we aimed to present a case, who has a risk factor for developing MDS and skin involvement of B-CLL together, with literature and emphasize that two different hematological malignancies that develop simultaneously or at different times in the same patient may coexist. This rare condition should be considered in lymphocytosis and blast association.