A Rare Case Report of Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Abstract

Background: Budd-Chiari syndrome is an uncommon condition characterized by thrombotic or non-thrombotic obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. It commonly presents with hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal pain. Its incidence is estimated at 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 2.5 million annually and commonly affects individuals aged 20–40. Case Summary: A 38-year-old male presented with upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Icterus was noted on examination. Laboratory tests showed decreased prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed hepatic vein thrombosis. The patient was treated with heparin, warfarin, and supportive care. PT and aPTT improved to 11 and 25 seconds, respectively. Discussion: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare yet life-threatening hepatic vascular condition that requires a high level of clinical suspicion for early detection. This case highlights the importance of correlating clinical features such as abdominal pain, jaundice, and gastrointestinal symptoms with laboratory abnormalities and imaging findings to achieve timely diagnosis. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, appropriate anticoagulant drug use, and regular follow-up can lead to favorable outcomes and prevent relapse.