Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Mbouda, Cameroon: A Study of Four Secondary Schools

Abstract

Background: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) encompasses diverse areas such as contraception, sexuality education, maternal health, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, and sexual violence. Adolescence, defined as the age group of 10 to 19 years, represents a critical period in which risky behaviors increase morbidity and mortality. Adolescent girls, in particular, face a much higher risk of maternal complications compared to women aged 20 to 24. Objective: To identify the factors influencing the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in secondary schools in the city of Mbouda. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted among 1,087 adolescents from four secondary schools in the city of Mbouda using a structured questionnaire. The statistical tests applied included the chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression. Data were analyzed using R software, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 1087 adolescents, 66.7% demonstrated insufficient knowledge of SRH, and only 25.9% had ever visited a health center for sexual health concerns. The primary barrier to accessing SRH services was financial constraints (26.2%). Factors significantly associated with engaging in sexual activity included male gender (OR = 3.72; p < 0.001), living with extended family members (OR = 1.99; p < 0.001) or alone (OR = 4.09; p = 0.006), and discussing sexuality with parents (OR = 1.62; p = 0.003). Factors influencing contraceptive use included male gender (OR = 2.04; p = 0.015) and a history of abortion (OR = 4.79; p = 0.040). Conclusion: Significant gaps remain in adolescent SRH knowledge and access to services. Strengthening multisectoral and participatory strategies is essential to ensure sustainable improvements in this field.