Occurrence and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Effluent and Waste Dump Site Soil of Selected Hospitals in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the antibiogram of bacteria isolated from effluent and waste dump site soil of selected hospitals in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria. The bacterial isolates were identified on the basis of standard cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates was carried out according to Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. The results revealed that one hundred and seventy nine bacterial isolates were identified from the collected samples, of which 85(47.5%) and 94(52.5%), were from effluent and waste dump site soil respectively. The bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (22.9%), Escherichia coli (20.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.8%), Streptococcus sp (11.7%), Salmonella sp (7.8%), Klebsiella pneumonia (6.7%), Providencia sp (5.0%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5.0%), Proteus sp (2.8%), Chryseobacterium sp (1.7%), Bacillus cereus (1.7%) and Serratia marcescens (1.1%). Bacillus cereus was the only isolate that showed susceptibility to all the antibiotics tested against. However, Chryseobacterium sp showed 100% resistance to all the antibiotics tested against. The resistance observed in both samples (Effluents and waste dump site soil) were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The high level of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with various degrees of resistance observed in this study could be a potential public health risk. Therefore effective waste management practice should be put in place so as to control the wide spread of these antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment.