Assessment of Awareness and Knowledge Dynamics of Natural Farming among Agricultural Students in Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

The search for sustainable agricultural alternatives in India has intensified due to the long-term environmental consequences of the Green Revolution, such as soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, water scarcity, and associated health concerns. Natural farming, which relies on locally prepared inputs, has emerged as a promising agroecological approach by reducing external input dependency, enhancing biodiversity, restoring soil health, and lowering cultivation costs. Given its growing policy relevance and academic attention, the present study assessed the level of awareness and knowledge of natural farming among agricultural graduates in Uttar Pradesh, who constitute a critical stakeholder group for its future adoption and dissemination. The study employed a descriptive research design and selected 140 postgraduate students and research scholars from four State Agricultural Universities in Uttar Pradesh using simple random sampling. Data were collected through a structured interview schedule. Knowledge was assessed using a standardized 30-item test, while awareness was measured through 21 statements covering conceptual understanding, general practices, technical aspects, and government initiatives related to natural farming. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that a majority of respondents possessed a medium level of overall awareness (62.10%) and knowledge (62.90%) of natural farming. While conceptual awareness was relatively high, awareness regarding technical practices and policy-related aspects remained moderate. Training exposure emerged as the most influential factor, showing a strong and significant association with both awareness and knowledge levels. Other variables such as age, educational attainment, access to information sources, scientific orientation, and social participation also exhibited significant relationships. Key constraints identified included the absence of standardized inputs and certification mechanisms, limited availability of specialized markets, inadequate farmer awareness, and apprehensions regarding potential income loss during the transition phase. The study underscores the need for strengthening institutional support systems, expanding training opportunities, and integrating natural farming concepts into academic curricula to enhance the effectiveness of its promotion among emerging agricultural professionals.