Assessment of Indications, Risk Factors, & Materno-foetal Outcomes of LSCS (Emergency & Planned) in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital of Wardha District, India

Abstract

Background: Occurrence of elective Caesarean Section (CS) is prevalent in the advanced age group, i.e. 26-30 years while higher incidence of emergency CS is seen in 20-25 years, the younger age group. Emergency caesarean delivery analogous with substantially greater maternal and foetal delivery complications in contrast to elective caesarean sections regardless of its growing acceptance as a preferable alternative to vaginal delivery. The study attempts to determine risk factors for emergency and scheduled caesarean surgeries, along with indications of LSCS and maternal-foetal outcomes. Method: Prospective observational study will be carried out on post-natal care women who have undergone LSCS in the past 1 week in the rural tertiary care hospital, Wardha. Study participants will be approached in the OBGY Post Natal Care Ward 1or 2 days post-delivery after assuring their comfort. A predesigned & pre-structured questionnaire containing socio-demographic profile, maternal details, and reasons for planned/emergency C-section, neonatal details etc. Results: From the baseline study, the average number of caesarean-sections was 55-60 %. Proportion of elective and emergency caesarean was 41.40 % and 58.60% respectively. Emergency group is expected to show all of the complications significantly higher in terms of both maternal and fetal outcome. Conclusion: Previous c-section, foetal distress and misrepresentation of the foetus (Breech and Transverse Lie) were recorded as a most important indicator of caesarean section along with obstructed labour. Higher incidence of emergency CS was 20-25 years, while the incidence of elective C-Section was prevalent. in the age group of 26-30 years; Modifiable risk factors for the Caesarean Section, such as early marriage with its associated inadequate pelvic growth and unnecessary avoidance of hospital delivery due to fear of CS, should be discouraged.