Assessment of Physiochemical Parameters of Water in Different Poultry Farms of Warangal District, Telangana, India

Abstract

Water quality is essential for ensuring safe usage in domestic and agricultural applications, particularly in regions with intensive farming activities. Contaminated water sources can result in severe waterborne diseases that affect human health. In the Warangal district of Telangana, 100 water samples from poultry farms were analyzed to assess key physiochemical parameters, including pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, redox potential, and hardness. The results showed considerable variability, with pH values ranging from 4.82 to 9.28, indicating both acidic and alkaline conditions. Conductivity ranged from 48 to 940 µS/cm, while TDS levels varied between 48 and 1470 ppm, with some samples exceeding permissible limits. Salinity and hardness fluctuations raised concerns about water suitability for consumption and irrigation. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between salinity and TDS (r = 0.627, p < 0.01) and between conductivity and redox potential (r = 0.614, p < 0.01), highlighting the interdependence of dissolved ions and oxidation-reduction processes. Additionally, moderate correlations were observed between TDS and both conductivity (r = 0.407, p < 0.01) and pH (r = 0.346, p < 0.05). These findings emphasize the necessity of ongoing monitoring and strategic water treatment measures to safeguard water quality and ensure its safe and sustainable use.