Cystoisosporiasis and Associated Risk Factors in HIV-positive Malaria Patients in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

In immunocompromised people, particularly those with HIV/AIDS, Cystoisospora belli infection is common. Cystoisospora belli was diagnosed using concentration techniques. The improved kiyoun staining procedures were used to process 375 samples from HIV-positive patients and 50 samples from HIV-negative individuals. Flow cytometry and the Giemsa staining technique were also used to test the patient's blood samples for malaria and CD4 cells. The overall coccidian prevalence was 14.93 percent, with a strong correlation between HIV-positive patients and non-HIV participants (p< 0.05). There was no discernible difference in gender or age groupings (p< 0.05). In HIV-positive patients, there was a substantial link between Cystoisosporiasis and CD4 cell levels (p< 0.05). The prevalence of C. belli infection was not substantially affected by risk variables such as degree of education, swimming ability, or occupation among HIV patients (p>0.05), but the source of water and contact with animals were. Other risk factors, such as hand washing and vegetable washing, revealed substantial differences. C. belli infection is common in General Hospital Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, according to this study, which could increase the burden on HIV-infected patients.