Socio-Economic Conditions of the Informal Sector Vendors and Their Role in the Environmental Sustainability: A Micro Level Study of Suti-II Block, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India

Abstract

In developing economies, the informal sector remains a fundamental pillar of livelihood generation, particularly in rural regions where access to formal employment is often limited. In India, a significant share of the workforce is engaged in informal economic activities, including small-scale vending in rural markets. This study examines the socio-economic conditions of informal sector vendors and their role in environmental sustainability in Suti-II Block, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. The main objectives are to assess the socio-economic status of vendors, analyse their environmental practices, and explore the relationship between livelihood conditions and sustainability. The study is based on a micro-level field survey of 54 informal sector vendors, selected through simple random sampling across rural markets. A descriptive and analytical research design has been adopted, using primary data collected through structured questionnaires, supported by secondary sources. Data have been analysed using basic statistical techniques such as percentage and frequency distribution. The findings reveal that the informal sector is predominantly male-dominated, characterized by low income, limited education, and economic vulnerability. Vendors face major challenges such as lack of credit access, seasonal income fluctuations, and inadequate infrastructure. In terms of environmental practices, issues like improper waste disposal, excessive plastic use, and poor sanitation are widespread. The study concludes that socio-economic constraints significantly influence environmental behaviour, highlighting the need for integrated policy measures to promote sustainable livelihoods and environmentally responsible practices in rural market systems.