Green Supply Chain Management, Technological Innovation and Organizational Competitiveness Among Tea Processing Firms in Nandi County, Kenya

Abstract

The integration of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices is critical for enhancing organizational competitiveness, yet their effectiveness in agro-processing industries remains underexplored. This study examines the influence of green capacity building, green packaging, and green procurement policies on the competitiveness of tea processing firms in Nandi County, Kenya, and investigates the moderating role of technological innovation. Employing an explanatory research design, data were collected from 138 respondents, including managers and procurement clerks from 35 firms, using stratified random sampling and questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted via SPSS Version 23. Findings reveal that green capacity building, green packaging, and green procurement policies significantly enhance organizational competitiveness, with technological innovation strengthening these relationships. Specifically, firms adopting eco-friendly practices supported by advanced technologies achieve superior market positioning, cost efficiency, and customer satisfaction. These results highlight the strategic importance of GSCM and innovation for sustainable competitiveness in Kenya’s tea industry, a key economic driver. The study recommends that firms invest in employee training, sustainable packaging, and procurement policies while leveraging technologies like automation and data analytics. Policymakers should support innovation through incentives and stricter environmental regulations. Limitations include the focus on Nandi County, suggesting broader studies across other agricultural sectors. This research underscores the synergy between green practices and innovation for long-term competitiveness.