An Evaluation of the Harput Archeological Region by Means of the Landscape Architecture Discipline

Abstract

Aims: Harput is one of the first settlement places in Anatolia, Turkey, and its history dates back to 2000 B.C. So, Harput has experienced many invasions throughout its history. In this study, urban design and the protection concepts of historical heritages of Harput Township are examined. Study Design: The research subjects were created by national and international sources related to Harput and its archeological reputation. The research findings are evaluated by using the tools of the landscape architecture discipline Methodology: A number of stages have been followed to examine Harput’s historical heritage and archeological assets. These stages are; · Conducting a comparative review of the past and present status of Harput and its vicinity, · Tours of the historical assets  and a detailed analysis of those structures carried out on site, · After all physical observations had been made of the region, literature information and previous studies were evaluated and then some recommendations are made for implementation of beneficial landscape architecture. Results: Harput and its surroundings contain numerous monuments including a castle, sanctuaries, churches, mosques, and tombs that provide unique examples of art. However, due to its notable historical heritage, Harput and its near vicinity has already been proclaimed as a First Degree Archeological Site Zone. There are many structures belonging to former periods in Harput, which have succeeded to survive until the present day. These monuments vary in size and number. The following are some of the important historical structures that are still standing in Harput: Virgin Mary church, Surp Agop church, Harput (milk) castle, Grand (Ulu) Mosque, Esediye mosque, Alacalı mosque, Fethi Ahmet baba masjid and tomb, Mansur baba tomb, Arab baba masjid and tomb, Lady Sara (hatun) mosque, Kurşunlu mosque, Kale and Cemşit bey baths, and so on. Religious centers, archeological residues and monuments taking into account the architectural features that could be improved with landscaping. It became clear that landscaping and maintenance plans are necessary to improve aesthetic appearance of the region.