Bouguer Anomaly of Geothermal Reservoir at Tiris Area, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Research related to the geothermal system in the Tiris geothermal area (TGA) Probolinggo Regency has been conducted using the gravity method. This study aims to investigate the subsurface structure, with a target on estimating geothermal reservoir rocks from the study area. This study utilized the Gravity meter La Coste & Romberg type G-1503 on 116 acquisition points in an area of 2.16 km2, covering all geothermal manifestation points in TGA. The gravity measurement data obtained is then processed through gravity corrections, which include: conversion into milli-Gals (mGal) units, tidal correction, drift correction, latitude correction, free air correction, Bouguer correction, and terrain correction. These corrections to obtain a complete Bouguer anomaly (CBA) value. The study area shows the CBA value on a horizontal plane which ranges from 0.1 mGal to 4.2 mGal. The separation of the regional and residual Bouguer anomaly from the CBA on a horizontal plane employed the Moving Average method through spectrum analysis. The value of residual Bouguer anomaly ranges from -0.7 mGal to 2.7 mGal. The low anomalies are scattered in the northwest, and a small number are spread in the northeast and southeast, while the high anomalies are in the middle of the study area. The result of 3D inversion modeling finds that the study area's subsurface structure consists of four rock layers, namely lapilli tuff, tuffaceous breccia, volcanic breccia, and basalt. Volcanic breccia is approximated as geothermal reservoir rocks at a depth of 700 to 1000 meters below the acquisition point. In contrast, basalt is supposed to be intrusive igneous rock because it tends to break through the surface at a depth of 348 to 350 meters below the acquisition point. The presence of these intrusive rocks can be predicted through spectrum analysis result, which shows a regional anomaly source at a depth of 348 meters below the acquisition point. This intrusion rock is suspected to be a heat source rock in the geothermal system in the study area.