Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Factors Associated with Non-communicable Diseases among Private-sector Workers in Porto-Novo (Benin)

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors are relevant to workplace health, but their combined profile among private-sector workers in Porto-Novo is insufficiently described. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of certain non-communicable diseases and characterise associated risk factors among private-sector workers in Porto-Novo (Benin Republic). Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study conducted among 92 private-sector workers in Porto-Novo. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, blood pressure, and behavioural data were collected using a questionnaire and standardised measurements. A CS20M digital body composition scale, with a precision of 100 g and a maximum capacity of 150 kg, was used to measure body mass and certain body composition parameters. Height was measured using a portable 2-metre stadiometer and a flexible, non-stretchable tape measure, with a precision of 0.1 cm. Blood pressure was measured using an LD526 electronic blood pressure monitor. Blood pressure was measured using a validated digital upper-arm oscillometric monitor. Following a 5-minute seated rest, with feet flat on the floor and the back supported, two to three sequential readings were taken 1–2 minutes apart on a bare arm supported at heart level, with the mean value recorded as the final systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.55 ± 4.22 kg/m². 42.39% of the workers had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², with 11.95% classified as obese. A significant proportion of participants also exhibited high blood pressure readings. Diabetes was found in 4.34% of the participants. Family histories of hypertension and diabetes were reported by 32.6% and 21.7% of the workers, respectively. A statistically significant association was observed between stress and high-intensity physical activity (p = 0.02), as well as between stress and time spent sitting while working (p = 0.02). Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of several NCD risk factors among private-sector workers in Porto-Novo, notably overweight, high blood pressure, sedentary behaviour, occupational stress, and insufficient physical activity.