CBCT Artifacts in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a valuable imaging modality in dentistry due to its ability to provide high-resolution three-dimensional images with relatively lower radiation exposure compared to conventional computed tomography. Despite its advantages, CBCT imaging is frequently affected by artifacts that can compromise image quality and diagnostic accuracy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CBCT artifacts by classifying their types, explaining their underlying physical mechanisms, evaluating their clinical implications, and discussing various strategies for their reduction. Artifacts such as beam hardening, scatter, noise, motion artifacts, metal artifacts, ring artifacts, aliasing, and cone beam–specific distortions are discussed in detail. These artifacts can lead to image degradation, distortion of anatomical structures, and potential misdiagnosis. Understanding their origin and characteristics is essential for clinicians to accurately interpret CBCT images. Various techniques, including optimization of exposure parameters, patient stabilization, and advanced reconstruction algorithms, are also highlighted. A thorough understanding of CBCT artifacts and their management is essential for improving diagnostic reliability and ensuring better clinical outcomes in dental practice.