Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies for Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits in Browntop Millet

Abstract

Browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf. or Urochloa ramosa (L.)) belongs to Poaceae, and exists as var. ramosa and var. pubescens. Grown mainly in parts of southern and North-Central India, it is used for both food and fodder, though often considered a weed. Despite its potential, cultivation remains limited, warranting greater research and promotion. This study aimed to conduct correlation and path coefficient studies for grain yield and yield component traits in browntop millet. Evaluation of 30 browntop millet genotypes was done during Rabi, 2024-25, at the Agricultural Research Station, Perumalapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India, to correlate and perform path analysis of yield and yield component traits. Data were collected on nine yield and yield component traits. The WINDOSTAT program was used for statistical analysis. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations between grain yield and traits such as plant height, panicle length, and harvest index. This implies that indirect selection for these traits could enhance grain yield. Path coefficient analysis further confirmed that harvest index had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield, making it a crucial trait for selection. Plant height and panicle length, though showing moderate direct effects, contributed significantly to grain yield through positive indirect effects. Days to 50% flowering and days to maturity exhibited negative correlations and direct effects on grain yield, suggesting that earlier maturity is advantageous for yield enhancement.