The Effect of Multi-angle Isometric Quadriceps Exercise on Pain and Dynamic Balance After Total Knee Arthroplasty– A Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

Purpose: A decline in maximal quadriceps strength and dynamic balance is observed in patients with knee osteoarthritis, and may influence the prognosis of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness multi-angle isometric quadriceps exercise in improving pain, dynamic balance, and function after TKA. Methods: A randomised controlled trial was undertaken, recruiting 20 patients who underwent TKA and who fulfils the study criteria. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, Group I (experimental) receiving multi-angle isometric quadriceps exercises along with conventional physiotherapy, whereas Group II (control) received conventional physiotherapy alone. The treatment was provided twice daily for three weeks. The pain levels using Visual Analogue Scale, dynamic balance using Timed Up and Go test, and active knee flexion range of motion using Goniometer was assessed before the first treatment session, and after three weeks of treatment. The statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. Results: Significant improvements were observed for pain, dynamic balance, and knee flexion range of motion post intervention in both groups. However, the improvements were higher in the experimental group than that of controls when comparing the mean difference of outcomes. Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that the multi-angle isometric quadriceps exercise improves pain, dynamic balance, and knee flexion range of motion in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty.