Determinants of Social and Technological innovations adoption among Small Tea Growers (STGs) in South India

Abstract

This study examined the adoption of social and technological innovations among Small Tea Growers (STGs) in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Data from 150 growers were analyzed to identify the major factors influencing adoption behaviour. Most growers reported a medium level of innovation adoption, indicating a gradual but steady uptake of improved practices in the small tea sector. Annual income, occupation, area under tea and access to basic mechanization showed positive associations with adoption, while age and formal education exhibited negative relationships, suggesting that younger and moderately educated growers were more receptive to new practices. MCA was used to examine the contribution of variables such as age, education, occupation, income, farm machinery and area under tea to the adoption dimensions. The findings also indicated that Tamil Nadu growers had higher adoption levels than Kerala growers, largely due to stronger institutional support and better access to key resources. These results highlight the need for targeted support that enhances growers’ economic capacity and strengthens their linkages with extension and cooperative networks. Improving access to affordable credit, practical training, and low-cost mechanization can further accelerate innovation uptake. The study provides useful insights for researchers and policymakers seeking to promote sustainable improvements in smallholder tea cultivation.