Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Preconception Care among Pregnant Women Attending Sunyani Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Preconception care (PCC) addresses biomedical, behavioural and social risks before conception, yet contemporary facility-level evidence from Ghana remains limited. This study assessed PCC knowledge, attitudes, practices, information sources, perceived barriers and selected associated factors among pregnant women attending Sunyani Teaching Hospital. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 197 pregnant women aged 18–39 years attending antenatal services between 3 April and 15 May 2025. Participants were recruited consecutively using non-probability sampling and completed a structured electronic questionnaire. Good knowledge was defined as at least 80% correct responses across five items, good practice as at least 75% recommended behaviours across nine items, and favourable attitude as endorsement of PCC importance and service availability. Associations were examined using Pearson’s chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Good knowledge was observed in 162/193 women (83.9%), favourable attitude in 167/197 (84.8%), and good practice in 125/197 (63.5%). Health professionals were the most common information source (57.9%), whereas partner attendance was the least common recommended practice (39.1%). Frequently reported barriers included lack of time (89.3%), financial constraints (81.6%), poor provider attitude (81.5%), and cultural beliefs (77.2%). Tertiary education was associated with good knowledge (aOR 8.62, 95% CI 3.30–22.52), and good knowledge was associated with good practice (aOR 7.33, 95% CI 2.85–18.84). Conclusions: PCC knowledge and attitudes were high, but recommended practices were less consistent. The findings indicate a knowledge–practice gap and support integrating provider-led education, partner-inclusive counselling, respectful care and affordable PCC into routine reproductive-health contacts.