Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf-Extract on the Lipid Profile of Carbon Tetrachloride-Injected Male Rats

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate how Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract affected the lipid profile of rats injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Study Design: Rats used were grouped into 32. Groups A1-A4: Negative control (those given feed and water only), B1-B4: Positive control (those that stayed for 28 d + CCl4only), C1-H4: Treatment groups (those given Sida corymbosa extract at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kgBW before and after injecting CCl4). Place and Duration of Study: This study took place at the Department of Human Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU), Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria, between December 2022 and January, 2023. Methodology: A total of 160 Albino-Wistar male rats which were about 12 weeks old (170-180 g) were used in the study. Lipid profile assays (serum total cholesterol-TCHOL, triglycerides-TRIGS, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined in this study. Carbon Tetrachloride Injection: The rats were injected CCl4 intraperitoneally at 0.4 mg/kgBW using orall canular. Olive oil was used as vector in the ratio of 50: 50 (v/v). Results were subjected to statistical analysis using SPPS statistical software, version 25. Results: For rats administered CCl4 before administration of Sida corymbosa ethanolic-leaf extract at 500, 250, and 100 mg/kgBW from 7 to 28 d (treatment groups-C1-E4), serum TCHOL decreased significantly (P< 0.05) in treatment groups (131.69+/-16.08-94.48+/-  18.41, 150.26+/-0.06-109.67+/- 0.67,272.97+/- 66.26-151.09+/-17.56) when compared with the untreated groups-B1-B4 (279.22+/-55.25-398.90+/- 0.58) and negative control Groups-A1-A4 (87.92+/-3.40-88.58+/-16.14. High density lipoprotein increased significantly (P< 0.05) in treatment groups (58.96+/-2.18-65.99+/-1.04,46.73+/-1.41-61.23+/- 16.29, 64.73+/-3.05-76.41+/-1.18). Triglyceride, and LDL also decreased significantly (P< 0.05) among the treatment groups when compared with the positive control (B1-B4) (313.47+/-5.69-388.46+/- 0.5053, 127.36+/- 53.97-215.38+/-0.66) and negative control groups (67.04+/-15.48-66.75+/-16.75, 50.01+/-14.66-50.00+/-15.02). Conclusion: Sida corymbosa ethanolic-leaf extract, therefore, have protective and curative effects against rats induced hyperlipidemia with CCl4 in a dose-dependent manner.