Determination of CA 125 Salivary Level with Clinicopathological Characteristics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Karachi

Abstract

Aims: To estimate salivary CA125 levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and to compare salivary CA 125 levels with different clinicopathological features of OSCC. Study Design: A cross­sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Ziauddin Hospital (Dental OPD), Karachi, Pakistan. In between the period of November 2014-Febuary 2016. Methodology: This cross­sectional study included 138 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and 30 healthy individuals between 20-69 years (130 males and 38 females). A Detailed Performa was filled followed by saliva sample collection from each subject was accomplished. Enzyme linked Immunosorbant assay (ELISA) analysed saliva samples for CA125. Results: Most common 30–39 years age group (29.7%) was involved, and majority of patients were belonged to Urdu speaking ethnic group (55.8%). Buccal mucosa (58.0%) was most commonly effected site and frequent histopathological pattern was moderately differentiated carcinoma (43.5%) with a maximum number of cases were found in stage III and IV (37%, 40%). Mean salivary CA125 levels were significantly lower in healthy group (29.8 U/ml) as compared to OSCC patients (413 U/ml). Mean salivary CA125 levels were higher in 50-59 years age group (488.5 U/ml), in Pathan ethnic group (451.7 U/ml) and in alveolar ridge site (upper and lower) (522.4 U/ml). Increased salivary CA125 levels in male (422.28 U/ml) as compared to female (163.23 U/ml) OSCC patients. Increased mean salivary CA 125 levels were found in poorly differentiated carcinoma (597.2 U/ml). A gradual increase in mean salivary CA 125 levels from stage I to stage IV (153.4 to 593.1 U/ml) showing its role in the progression of the OSCC disease. Conclusion: CA 125 levels were identified to be raised in the saliva of OSCC. Present study reported that the salivary CA 125 levels increase with the stages of disease. Our study estimated that there is an association of salivary CA125 levels with different stages of OSCC. Thus, CA125 can be used as a helpful tool in the prognosis of OSCC.