Co-Infection of Urinary Schistosomiasis and Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis among School-age Children in Sokoto State, Nigeria

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the co-occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in school-aged children in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Urine and stool specimens were gathered from 513 children of school age and assessed using conventional filtration and Kato-Katz methods, respectively. The overall prevalence rates for Schistosoma haematobium and Ascaris lumbricoides were 33.50% and 14.04%, respectively. Twenty-three (4.50%) students were identified as co-infected with Schistosoma haematobium and one or two soil-transmitted helminth parasites. Schistosoma haematobium and Ascaris lumbricoides were the most prevalent parasite combination in the study, while S. haematobium and hookworm were the least encountered in the study area. Chi square analysis revealed that Wamakko LGA, Bakin Gulbi primary school, and trading were significantly associated with occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis co-infection. Logistic regression analysis revealed painful urination, blood in urine and walking barefooted as the risk factors for the co-distribution. Thus, a comprehensive approach that includes regular deworming, improved sanitation, safe drinking water provision, toilet facilities, and health education is strongly recommended.